Musi wa30 Mbudzi, European Commission yakaburitsa "Policy Framework yeBio-based, Biodegradable and Compostable Plastics", iyo inojekesa zvakare mapurasitiki ane bio-based, biodegradable uye compostable uye inotaura kukosha kwekuona kugadzirwa kwavo nekushandisa Mamiriro ezvinhu ane zvakanaka. kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza.
Bio-based
Kune "biobased," izwi rinofanirwa kushandiswa chete kana richiratidza mugove wakarurama uye unoyerika webiobased plastic content muchigadzirwa, kuitira kuti vatengi vazive kuti yakawanda sei biomass inonyanya kushandiswa muchigadzirwa.Pamusoro pezvo, iyo biomass inoshandiswa inofanirwa kuve yakachengetedzwa uye isingakuvadze nharaunda.Aya mapurasitiki anofanirwa kutorwa kuti asangane nemaitiro ekusimudzira.Vagadziri vanofanirwa kukoshesa marara epasi uye ne-zvigadzirwa sechikafu, nekudaro kuderedza kushandiswa kwekutanga biomass.Kana yekutanga biomass ichishandiswa, inofanirwa kuve nechokwadi kuti inochengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye haikanganisi zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana kana hutano hwe ecosystem.
Biodegradable
Nokuda kwe "biodegradation", zvinofanira kuva pachena kuti zvigadzirwa zvakadaro hazvifaniri kusvibiswa, uye zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti zvinotora nguva yakareba sei kuti chigadzirwa chigadzirise, mumamiriro ezvinhu api uye pasi pemamiriro api (akadai sevhu, mvura, nezvimwewo) biodegrade.Zvigadzirwa zvinogona kunge zvakaraswa, zvinosanganisira izvo zvakavharwa neMumwe-kushandisa Plastics Directive, hazvigone kutora kana kunyorwa sekuti zvinoora.
Mulch anoshandiswa mukurima mienzaniso yakanaka yekushandiswa kwakakodzera kwemapurasitiki anogona kuomeswa munzvimbo dzakavhurika, chero akatenderwa kune akakodzera zviyero.Kuti izvi zviitike, Komisheni ichada kuvandudzwa kwezviyero zviripo zveEurope kuti zvinyatso funga nezve njodzi yekuparara kwezvisaririra zvepurasitiki muvhu rinopinda muhurongwa hwemvura.Kune mamwe maapplication ayo mapurasitiki anogona kucheneswa anoonekwa seakakodzera, senge tambo dzekudhonza dzinoshandiswa muindasitiri yekuredza, zvigadzirwa zvinoshandiswa mukudzivirira miti, zvimedu zvechirimwa kana tambo dzekuchekesa lawn, nzira itsva dzekuyedza dzinofanirwa kugadzirwa.
Oxo-anoora mapurasitiki anorambidzwa nekuti haapi zvakaratidzwa mabhenefiti ezvakatipoteredza, haaparadzike zvizere, uye anokanganisa kudzokororwa kwemapurasitiki akajairwa.
Compostable
"Compostable plastics" ibazi remapurasitiki anogona kuparara.Chete maindasitiri ecompostable mapurasitiki anosangana neakakodzera zviyero anofanirwa kunyorwa se "compostable" (kune chete maindasitiri composting zviyero muEurope, hapana maitiro ecomposting pamba).Industrial compostable packaging inofanira kuratidza kuti chinhu chakaraswa sei.Mukugadzira manyowa emba, zvakaoma kuwana biodegradation yakazara yemapurasitiki anogadzirwa.
Mabhenefiti angangove ekushandisa mapurasitiki anogadzirwa muindasitiri mazinga akakwira ekutorwa kwebiowaste uye kuderera kusvibiswa kwemacompost nemapurasitiki asingaodzeke.Mupfudze wemhando yepamusoro unonyanya kushandisa sefotereza mukurima uye hauve sosi yekusvibiswa kwepurasitiki kuvhu nemvura yepasi.
Industrial compostable epurasitiki mabhegi emuunganidzwa wakasiyana webiowaste chishandiso chinobatsira.Mabhegi anogona kuderedza kusvibiswa kwepurasitiki kubva mukugadzira manyowa, semabhegi epurasitiki echinyakare, kusanganisira marara anosara kunyange mushure mekutora matanho ekuabvisa, idambudziko rekusvibisa muhurongwa hwekuraswa kwebiowaste huri kushandiswa muEU.Kubva Zvita 31, 202, biowaste inofanirwa kuunganidzwa kana kudzokororwa zvakaparadzana kunzvimbo, uye nyika dzakaita seItari neSpain dzakaunza maitiro ekuunganidza kwakasiyana kwebiowaste: mabhegi epurasitiki anogadzirwa akadzikisa kusvibiswa kwebiowaste uye kuwedzera biowaste yekubata.Nekudaro, hadzisi dzese nhengo dzenhengo kana matunhu anotsigira kushandiswa kwemasaga akadaro, sezvo nzira dzekugadzira manyowa dzichidikanwa uye kuyambuka-kusvibiswa kwenzizi dzemarara kunogona kuitika.
Mapurojekiti anotsigirwa neEU anototsigira kutsvagisa uye hunyanzvi hune chekuita nebio-based, biodegradable uye compostable mapurasitiki.Zvinangwa zvinotarisa pakuona kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza kwekutenga nekugadzira maitiro, pamwe nekushandiswa uye kuraswa kwechigadzirwa chekupedzisira.
Komiti iyi ichasimudzira tsvakiridzo uye hunyanzvi hwakanangana nekugadzira denderedzwa bio-based mapurasitiki akachengeteka, akasimba, anogona kushandiswazve, anogona kushandiswa zvakare uye biodegradable.Izvi zvinosanganisira kuongorora mabhenefiti ezvishandiso uko bio-based zvinhu uye zvigadzirwa zvese zvinoshatisa uye zvinogona kushandiswazve.Basa rakawanda rinodiwa kuongorora kudzikisira kuburitswa kwegasi regreenhouse kwemapurasitiki ane bio-based zvichienzaniswa nefossil-based plastics, tichifunga nezvehupenyu hwese uye mukana wekudzokorodza kakawanda.
Iyo biodegradation process inoda kuongororwa zvakare.Izvi zvinosanganisira kuona kuti mapurasitiki ane bio-based anoshandiswa mukurima uye mamwe mashandisiro ebiodegrade zvakachengeteka, tichifunga nezvekuchinjisa kunobvira kune dzimwe nharaunda, biodegradation nguva maframes uye kwenguva refu kukanganisa.Inosanganisirawo kuderedza chero mhedzisiro yakaipa, kusanganisira yenguva refu mhedzisiro, yezvinowedzera zvinoshandiswa mu biodegradable uye zvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki.Pakati pemhando yezvingangove zvisiri zvekurongedza zvikumbiro zvekombuta mapurasitiki, inonwisa hutsanana zvigadzirwa zvinofanirwa kutariswa zvakanyanya.Tsvagiridzo inodiwa zvakare pahunhu hwevatengi uye biodegradability sechinhu chinogona kukanganisa maitiro ekurasira marara.
Chinangwa chebumbiro remitemo iyi ndechekuona nekunzwisisa mapurasitiki aya uye kutungamira zvichaitika mune ramangwana reEU level, senge ecodesign zvinodiwa zvezvigadzirwa zvinogara zviripo, EU taxonomy yekudyara kwakasimba, zvirongwa zvemari uye nhaurirano dzine hukama mumaforamu epasi rose.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-01-2022